In constructing scenarios for the future, key uncertainties are those variables that could go one way or the other; they are the pivotal points on which the future swivels. It is critical that we explore these because often their outcome depends partially on our choices and actions over the short term as well as longer term factors beyond our control. However, it is just as crucial to realise that the future contains ‘unknown unknowns’. These wild cards come out of the blue and can make a huge difference. In other words, beware of placing too much faith in our powers of foresight. The future can always surprise us. With the qualification just expressed in mind, we have identified seven key uncertainties: (1) willingness to share power; (2) the direction of innovation; (3) economic and trade policy developments; (4) political maturity; (5) the rate of environmental decline; (6) social unrest; and (7) lifestyle choices.